Making decisions in groups can greatly improve cognitive performance. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: CCI was supported by a NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/K009370/1, and GGP by BFU2013-49512-EXP, BFU2012-33448 (with predoctoral contract BES-2013-33448 to GM), Fundaçao para a Ciência e Tecnologia PTDC/NEU-SCC/0948/2014 and Champalimaud Foundation. Received: JAccepted: SeptemPublished: September 24, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Ioannou et al. PLoS ONE 13(9):Įditor: Dan Braha, University of Massachusetts, UNITED STATES The geometric mean rule is likely to be based on an intuitive logarithmic-like number representation, and our study suggests that this mental number scaling may be beneficial in collective decisions.Ĭitation: Ioannou CC, Madirolas G, Brammer FS, Rapley HA, de Polavieja GG (2018) Adolescents show collective intelligence which can be driven by a geometric mean rule of thumb. A geometric mean heuristic in consensus decision making is also likely to apply to adults, as it provides a robust and well-performing rule for aggregating different opinions. Although this effect was robust to the overall distribution of initial estimates, when the task generated positively skewed estimates, the geometric mean of initial estimates gave the best fit to the data compared to other tested aggregation rules. Using a simple task of estimating the number of sweets in jars, we show in two experiments that adolescents at least as young as 11 years old improve their estimation accuracy after a period of group discussion, demonstrating collective intelligence. Despite the limited social and cognitive abilities of younger people, skills which are often required for collective intelligence, studies of group performance have been limited to adults. According to the ILO, collective bargaining helps reduce inequalities in the workplace while providing workers with labor protection.How effective groups are in making decisions is a long-standing question in studying human and animal behaviour. This means that all employees are entitled to present their grievances to their employers and to be able to negotiate them. There are several types of collective bargaining, including composite concessionary, distributive, integrative, and productivity bargaining.Īs noted above, the International Labour Organization (ILO) states that collective bargaining is a fundamental right available to all workers.
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